Choctaw (Sprache)
Die Sprache der Choctaw oder Chahta , die von den Choctaw-Indianern in den südöstlichen Staaten der USA gesprochen wird, ist ein Mitglied der Muskogee-Sprachen-Familie. Die Chahta-Sprache war wohlbekannt als Lingua franca bei den Grenzmännern des frühen 19. Jahrhundert, inklusive den Präsidenten Andrew Jackson und William Henry Harrison. Die Sprache ist sehr nah mit der Chikasha-Sprache_(Chickasaw) verwandt. Einige Linguisten halten sie für zwei Dialekte einer einzigen Sprache, obwohl jüngste Berichte andeuten, dass Chahta-Sprecher Chikasha für unverständlich halten.
Dialekte
Es gibt drei Chahta-Dialekte (Mithun 1999):
# "Ursprüngliches" Chahta der Chahta-Nation in Südost-Oklahoma
# Mississippi-Chahta der Oklahoma-Chahta in der Chikasha-Nation von Südzentral-Oklahoma (bei Durwood (Oklahoma))
# Mississippi-Chahta bei Philadelphia (Mississippi)
Andere Chahta-Sprecher leben bei Tallahassee, Florida, und bei den Koasati (Volk) in Louisiana.
Phonologie
Konsonanten
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! align="center"/'>Plosive
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! align="left"|Nasale
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! align="left"|Frikative
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! align="left"|Silbenschrift wurde von Sequoyahs Cherokee-Silbenschrift adaptiert.
Beispiele
Einige gebräuchliche Chahta-Sätze:
*hallo: halito
*danke: yokoke
*wie heißt du?: Chi hohchifo nanta?
*ich heiße ... sa hohchifo ut...
*ja: a
*nein: keyu
*Ich verstehe nicht: Ak akostinincho
*Sprichst du Chahta?: Chahta imanumpa ish anumpola hinla ho?
Siehe auch
• (Volk)|Chahta]
• Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
• Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
• Choctaw
Referenzen
* Broadwell, George Aaron. (1991). Speaker and self in Choctaw. International Journal of American Linguistics, 57, 411-425.
* Byington, Cyrus. (1915). A dictionary of the Choctaw language. J. R. Swanton & H. S. Halbert (Eds.). Bureau of American Ethnology bulletin 46. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Reprinted 1973 & 1978).
* Downing, Todd. (1974). Chahta anompa: An introduction to the Choctaw language (3rd ed.). Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
* Heath, Jeffrey. (1977). Choctaw cases. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, 3, 204-213.
* Heath, Jeffrey. (1980). Choctaw suppletive verbs and derivational morphology.
* Howard, Gregg; Eby, Richard; Jones, Charles G. (19991). Introduction to Choctaw: A primer for learning to speak, read and write the Choctaw language. Fayetteville, AR: VIP Pub.
* Jacob, Betty. (1980). Choctaw and Chickasaw. Abstract of paper delivered at the 1978 Muskogean conference. International Journal of American Linguistics, 46, 43.
* Jacob, Betty; Nicklas, Thurston Dale; & Spencer, Betty Lou. (1977). Introduction to Choctaw. Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
* Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
* Munro, Pamela. (1987). Some morphological differences between Chickasaw and Choctaw. In P. Munro (Ed.), Muskogean linguistics (pp. 119-133). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
* Munro, Pamela (Ed.). (1987). Muskogean linguistics. UCLA occasional papers in linguistics (No. 6). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
* Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1974). The elements of Choctaw. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor).
* Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1975). Choctaw morphophonemics. In J. Crawford (Ed.), Studies in southeastern Indian languages (pp. 237-249). Athens: University of Georgia.
* Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1979). Reference grammar of the Choctaw language. Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
* Pulte, William. (1975). The position of Chickasaw in Western Muskogean. In J. Crawford (Ed.), Studies in southeastern Indian languages (pp. 251-263). Athens: University of Georgia.
* Ulrich, Charles H. (1986). Choctaw morphophonology. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles).
* Ulrich, Charles H. (1987). Choctaw g-grades and y-grades. In P. Munro (Ed.), Muskogean linguistics (pp. 171-178). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
* Ulrich, Charles H. (1987). Choctaw verb grades and the nature of syllabification. In A. Bosch, B. Need, & E. Schiller (Eds.), Papers from the 23rd annual regional meeting. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
* Ulrich, Charles H. (1988). The morphophonology of Choctaw verb roots and valence suffixes. In W. Shipley (Ed.), In honor of Mary Haas: From the Haas Festival conference on Native American linguistics (pp. 805-818). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 0-8992-5281-8.
* Ulrich, Charles H. (1994). A unified account of Choctaw intensives. Phonology, 2, 325-370.
* Watkins, Ben. (1892). Complete Choctaw definer: English with Choctaw definition. Van Buren, AR: J. W. Baldwin. (Reprinted 1972).
* Wright, Allen. (1880). Chahta leksikon: A Choctaw in English definition for the Choctaw academies and schools. St. Louis: Presbyterian Publishing Co.
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